Electrical stimulation is a therapeutic technique that uses electrical impulses to elicit muscle contractions or nerve responses. It works by sending controlled electrical currents through electrodes placed on the skin. These currents stimulate motor nerves, causing muscles to contract, or sensory nerves, which can help reduce pain. The method is commonly used in physical therapy for muscle re-education, injury rehabilitation, and pain management. Electrical stimulation can help improve muscle strength, increase blood circulation, and prevent muscle atrophy in patients who are unable to engage in regular exercise due to injury or surgery.

here are various types of electrical stimulation, including Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES), each serving different purposes. TENS is primarily used to relieve pain by interfering with nerve signals that transmit pain to the brain, while NMES focuses on stimulating muscle contractions to aid in strengthening weak or injured muscles. The intensity and frequency of the electrical currents can be adjusted depending on the patient's needs, making it a versatile tool in rehabilitation and recovery. Despite its benefits, it should be used with caution, as improper use can lead to discomfort or injury.